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THE
WORLD IN GENERAL – 1970s
Average unemployment rate: 6.21%
Average inflation rate 7.04%
Presidents: Nixon (1969-1974), Ford (1974-1977), Carter (1977-1982)
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Date
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The
World:
Macro-economic and Work-
Family Legislative Data
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The
World of Work-Family
Events and Experiences
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Publications
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EPA
established. |
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Median
household size = 3.14 |
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Consumer
Price Index = 38.8 (1982-84 = 100) |
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Median
age US population = 28.0 |
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Labor
force participation rate of married women with children 6 - 17 years
= 49.2% |
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White
House Conference on Children |
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1970
Bunting Institute forum (Cambridge, MA) where Lotte Bailyn discusses
relationships between husbands’ attitudes toward work and marital
happiness. |
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Bailyn,
L. Career and family orientations of husbands and wives in relation
to marital happiness. |
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7/25
26th Amendment to the Constitution: 18 year olds have right to vote. |
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Intel
invents first single chip processor. |
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Founding
of the Women's Legal Defense Fund, which becomes the National Partnership
for Women and Families. |
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Emlen,
A., & Watson, E. Matchmaking in neighborhood day care: A descriptive
study of the day care neighborhood services. Fogarty, M., Rapoport,
R., & Rapoport, R. Sex, career and family. Rapoport, R.,
& Rapoport, R. Dual-career families. Rapoport, R., Rapoport,
R., & Willmott, P. (Eds). Family and Work. A Special Issue of
Human Relations. |
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6/17
Watergate break in. |
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Bernard,
J. The future of marriage. Robinson, J. Everyday life
in twelve countries. Robinson, J. The impact of television on mass
media usage. Robinson, J. Social change as reflected in the use of
time. |
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Last
of US forces leave Vietnam. |
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Federal
Express founded (April, 1973). |
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OPEC
oil "shock" and rising oil prices begins (eases in ‘74). |
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Poverty
rate 11.1% |
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Founding
of the Children's Defense Fund. |
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1/2/73
- A bill to provide a comprehensive child development program in the
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare referred to House Committee
on Education and Labor. Reintroduced and Referred to House Committee
on Education and Labor on 1/18/73, 1/29/73, 2/7/73, and 12/20/73 Referred
to House Committee on Education and Labor |
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7/26/73
- A bill to create and administer a children's trust fund introduced
and referred to Senate Committee on Finance. |
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Becker,
G., & Lewis, G. The tradeoff between child quality and quantity.
Young, M. The symmetrical family. |
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2nd
peak of 70s inflation rate at 11% |
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8/9
resignation of Nixon. |
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9/2
Employment Retirement Security Act (ERISA) signed into law. |
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1974
the Center for Research on Women founded at Wellesley College. |
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Coser,
L. Greedy institutions: Patterns of undivided commitment. Heckman,
J. Child care programs. Edgar, D. (Ed.) Social change in Australia.
Hoffman, L., & Nye, I. Working mothers: An evaluative review
of the consequences for wife, husbands, and child. Oakley, A.
The sociology of housework. Sieber, S. Toward theory of role
accumulation. Stack, C. All our kin: Strategies for survival in
a Black community. |
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Macro-economic
& Legislative Data |
WF
Events & Experiences |
WF
Publications |
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Peak
in 70s unemployment at 8.5% |
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Labor
force participation rate of married women with children under 18 years
= 44.9%. Labor force participation rate of married women with children
under 6 years = 36.7% |
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Opening
of Stride Rite's workplace-based child care center. |
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1/14/75
- A bill introduced to provide Federal assistance to States to enable
them to provide day care services for children from needy families
where the parents are working, training, or incapable of self-support.
No floor action |
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1/14/75
- A bill introduced to provide a comprehensive child development program
in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. No floor action |
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10/21/75
- A bill introduced to provide for the establishment of multipurpose
service programs for displaced homemakers. No floor action. |
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1975
the Work in America Institute is founded. |
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Bernard,
J. Women, wives, and mothers: Values and options. Fogarty,
M. Forty to sixty: How we waste the middle age. Hootsman,
H. Women in adult education. Special Issue of European Bureau of
Adult Education Newsletter. Kamerman, S. Child care in nine
countries. Rapoport, R., & Rapoport, R. Leisure and the
family life cycle. Scanzoni, J. Sex roles, life styles, and
childbearing: Changing patterns in marriage and the family. Vanek,
J. Time spent in housework. |
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End
of Vietnam War. |
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Steve
Jobs & Stephen Wozniak launch Apple computers with $1,300 working
capital. |
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The
Center for Policy Alternatives (CPA) is founded in 1976. |
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Blaxall,
M. & Reagan, B. (Eds.) Women and the workplace: The implications
of occupational segregation. Kamerman, S. Women, work and
the family: Issues and research in family policy. Kamerman, S.
The role of women in the economy. Kamerman, S., & Kahn, A.
Explorations in family policy. Kreps, J. Women and the American
economy: A look to the 1980s. Komarovsky, M. Dilemmas of masculinity:
A study of college youth. Rapoport, R., & Rapoport, R. Dual-career
families re-examined: New integrations of work & family. Robinson,
J. Changes in American’s use of time: 1965-1975. |
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Star
Wars, the biggest tick seller up until that time, released. |
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Country
faces energy crisis. |
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1/4/77
- A bill introduced to provide Federal assistance to States to enable
them to provide day care services for children from needy families
where the parents are working, training, or incapable of self-support.
No floor action |
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1/26/77-
A bill introduced to provide a comprehensive child development program
in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. No floor action |
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Blau,
F. Equal pay in the office. Cott, N. The bonds of womanhood:
"Woman’s sphere" in New England. 1780-1835. Gerstel,
N. The feasibility of commuter marriage. Gove, W., & Geerken,
M. The effect of children and employment on the mental health of married
men and women. Hoffman, L., and Nye, F. Working mothers. Kamerman,
S. Public policy and the family. A new strategy for women as wives and
mothers. Kanter, R. Work and family in the United States: A critical
review and agenda for research and policy. Kanter, R. Men
and women of the corporation. Marks, S. Multiple roles and role
strain: Some notes on human energy, time, and commitment. Pleck, J. The
work-family role system. Rapoport, R., Strelitz, Z. with Kew, S.
Fathers, mothers, and society: Perspectives on parenting. Robinson,
J. How Americans use time: A social-psychological analysis of everyday
behavior. Robinson, J. The new household economics: Sexist, unrealistic
or simply irrelevant? |
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Passage
of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act |
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March,
1978 Aspen Institute Seminar, "The Corporation and Society"
where K. Christensen introduces concepts of women, work and family. |
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1978
Ninth World Congress of Sociology, Upsala, Sweden where E. Appelbaum
presents "Is Part-Time Work a Successful Resolution to the Role
Conflicts of Working Mothers," based on an analysis of the National
Longitudinal Survey of Women. |
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1978
US DOT Conference on Women’s Travel Issues where S. Hanson and
P. Hanson present, "The Impact of Women’s Employment on
Household Travel Patterns." |
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1978
Institute for Family and Work Relationships |
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Bailyn,
L. Accommodation of work to family. Barnett, R., & Baruch, G.
Women in the middle years: A critique of research and theory. Ehrenreich,
B., & English, B. For her own good: 150 years of the experts’
advice to women. Kamerman, S., & Kahn, A. (Eds.). Family
policy: Government and families in fourteen countries. Rapoport,
R., & Rapoport, R. with Burnstead, J. (Eds.) Working couples.
Robinson, J. Time use as a social indicator. Rossi, A., Kagan,
J., & Hareven, T. (Eds.). The family. Scanzoni, J.
Sex roles, women’s work, and marital conflict: A study of family
change. Tilly, L., & Scott, J. Women, work, and family.] |
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Peak
of 70s inflation rate at 11.3% |
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01/15/79
A bill introduced to provide Federal assistance to States to enable
them to provide day care services for children from needy families
where the parents are working, training, or incapable of self-support.
No floor action |
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01/18/79
A bill introduced to provide assistance and coordination in the provision
of child-care services for children living in homes with working parents,
and for other purposes. No floor action |
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06/25/79
A bill introduced to provide training, counseling, and services for
displaced homemakers. No floor action |
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12/04/79
A bill introduced to strengthen the American family and promote the
virtues of family life through education, tax assistance, and related
measures. No floor action. Reintroduced 05/22/80 and No floor action |
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Poverty
rate 11.7% |
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White
House Conference on Families |
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Appelbaum,
E. A post-Keynesian view of the labor market. Berk, R., & Berk,
S. Labor and leisure at home: Content and organization of the household
day. Bronfenbrenner, U. The ecology of human development:
Experiments by nature and design. Lipman-Blumen, J., & Bernard,
J. Sex roles and social policy: A complex social science equation.
MacKinnon, C. Sexual harassment of working women: A case of sex
discrimination. Piotrkowski, C. Work and the family system:
A naturalistic study of working-class and lower-middle-class families. |
