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THE
WORLD IN GENERAL – 1980s
Average unemployment rate = 7.27%
Average inflation rate 5.55%
Presidents: Carter (1977-1981); Regan (1981-1989); Bush (1989-1993)
Decade punctuated by mergers and acquisitions
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Date
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The
World:
Macro-economic and Work-
Family Legislative Data
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The
World of Work-Family
Events and Experiences
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Publications
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Peak
of ‘80s inflation rate 13.5% |
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4/16
President Carter states economy in recession |
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Poverty
rate = 13.0% |
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Median
household size = 2.76 |
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Consumer
Price Index = 82.4 (1982-84 = 100) |
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Median
age US population = 30.0 |
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Australian
Institute of Family Studies founded. |
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Edgar,
D. Introduction to Australian society: A sociological perspective.
Evans, P., & Bartolome, F. Must success cost so much? Hanson,
S., & Hanson, P. Gender and urban activity patterns in Uppsala,
Sweden. Pleck, J., Staines, G., & Lang, L. Conflicts between
work and family life. Rapoport, R. Balancing work, family & leisure:
A triple helix model. Robinson, J. Household technology and household
work. Staines, G. Spillover versus compensation: A review of the
literature of the relationship between work and nonwork. Voydanoff, P.
The implications of work-family relationships for productivity. |
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2nd
peak of ‘80s inflation rate = 10.3% |
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9/25
Sandra Day O’Connor become 1st woman US Supreme Court justice. |
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AIDS
is named |
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MTV
created |
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Appelbaum,
E. Back to work: Determinants of women's successful re-entry.
Becker, G. A treatise on the family. Bernard, J. The
female world. Bohen, H., & Viveros-Long, A. Balancing
jobs and family life. Do flexible schedules help? Hanson, S., &
Hanson, P. The impact of married women's employment on household travel
patterns. Hayden, D. The grand domestic revolutions: A history
of feminist designs for American homes, neighborhoods, and cities. Kamerman,
S., & Kahn, A. Child care, family benefits, and working parents:
A study in comparative policy. Nieva, V., & Gutek, B. Women
and work: A psychological perspective. Ryan, M. Cradle of
the middle class: The family in Oneida County, New York, 1790-1865. Scanzoni,
L., & Scanzoni, J. Men, women and change. Stimpson, C. Women
and the American city. Treiman, D., & Hartmann, H. (Eds.)
Women, work, and wages: Equal pay for jobs of equal value. Treiman,
D., & Roos, P. Sex and earnings in industrial society: A nine-nation
comparison. Waite, L. US women at work. |
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Peak
of ‘80s unemployment rate = 9.7% |
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Poverty
level at 15 year high, with 14% living at or below the poverty level
($9,287 for family of four). |
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Beginning
of the "bull market." |
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Founding
of the Fatherhood Project at Bank Street College by James Levine |
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Billings,
A., & Moos, R. Work stress and the stress-buffering roles of work
and family resources. Bronfenbrenner, U. and Crouter, A. Work
and family through time and space. Fogarty, M. (Ed.) Retirement
policy: The next fifty years. Haraven, T. Family time and
industrial time. Hunt, J., & Hunt, L. The dualities of careers
and families. Kahn, A., & Kamerman, S. Helping America's families.
Kamerman, S., & Hayes, C. Families that work: Children
in a Changing World. Kessler, R. C., & McRai, J. The effect
of wives’ employment on the mental health of married men and women.
Kessler-Harris, A. Out to work: A history of wage-earning women
in the United States. Pleck, J. The myth of masculinity. Robinson,
J. Of time, dual careers and household productivity. Zelinsky, W.,
Monk, J., & Hanson, S. Women and geography: A review and prospectus.
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Poverty
rate = 15.2% (Peak poverty rate for ‘80s) |
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1/3/83
Resolution to establish the Select Committee on Children, Youth and
Families introduced. Passed in House on 2/2/83. |
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1/6/83
Bill to provide assistance and coordination in the provision of child
care services for children living in homes with working parents, and
for other purposes, introduced. No action taken. Re-introduced 3/1/83,
1/31/85, and 1/21/87 No floor action taken. |
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3/16/83
Bill to amend IRS Code 1954 to allow employers a tax credit for hiring
displaced homemakers. No action taken. |
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6/1/83
Bill to strengthen the development of children and the functioning
of families by establishing a comprehensive Federal child care program.
No floor action taken. |
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Work-Family
Research Council of the Conference Board established |
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Work/Family
Directions founded by Fran Rodgers |
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Federal
Office of Technology Assessment funds study on home-based work, with
Kathleen Christensen as the principal investigator. |
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1983
in New York City, activist Elly Guggenheimer convened a group which
become the Child Care Action Campaign. |
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Corporate
Work and Family Life Study conducted by E. Galinsky. |
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The
Center for Work & Family established at the University of Georgia
by Gary Orthner |
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Appelbaum
E. Women and the stagflation economy. Bianchi, S., & Spain, D.
American women: Three decades of change. Finch, J. Married
to the job: wives' incorporation in men's work. Friedman, D.
State and local strategies promoting employer supported child care. Hayes,
C., & Kamerman, S. (Eds.) Children of working parents: Experiences
and outcomes. Holahan, C., & Moos, R. The quality of social
support: Measures of family and work relationships. Kamerman, S., Kahn,
A., & Kingston, P. Maternity policies and working women. Kohn,
M., & Schooler, C. with Miller, J. Work and personality: An inquiry
into the impact of social stratification. Kopelman, R., Greenhaus,
J., & Connolly, T. A model of work, family, and interrole conflict:
A construct validation study. Pleck, J., & Staines, G. Work schedules
and work-family conflict in two-earner couples. Roos, P. Marriage
and women's occupational attainment in cross-cultural perspective. Staines,
G., & Pleck, J. The impact of work schedules on the family. Steinem,
G. Outrageous acts and everyday rebellions. Thoits, P.
Multiple identities and psychological well-being: A reformulation and test
of the social isolation hypotheses. |
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Macro-economic
& Legislative Data |
WF
Events & Experiences |
WF
Publications |
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Congressional
hearing on experiences of working women. |
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Passage
of the Family Support Act, guaranteeing one year of child care to
parents completing work and training requirements. |
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Bailyn,
L. Issues of work and family in organizations: Responding to social
diversity. Blau, D. A model of child nutrition, fertility and women’s
time allocation: The case of Nicaragua. Cooke, R., & Rousseau, D.
Stress and strain from family roles and work-family role expectations. Crouter,
A. Spillover from family to work: the neglected side of the work-family
interface. Devanna, M. Male/female careers: The first decade.
A report for the Center for Research in Career Development. Ehrenreich,
B. The hearts of men. Esterbrooks, M. & Goldberg, W.
Effects of early maternal employment on toddlers, mothers, and fathers.
Freeman, J. Women: A feminist. Goldscheider, F., Kobrin, F.,
& Waite, L. Effects of childhood family structure on marriage. Kamerman,
S. & Kahn, A. Meeting family needs: The corporate response. Preston,
S. Children and the elderly: Divergent paths for America's dependents.
Repetti, R., & Crosby, F. Gender and depressions: Exploring the
adult role explanation. Reskin, B. (Ed.) Sex segregation in the workplace:
Trends, explanations, remedies. Robinson, J. Work and free time.
Roos, P., & Reskin, B. Institutional factors contributing to
sex segregation in the workplace. Staines, G., & Pleck, J. Nonstandard
work schedules and family life. Voydanoff, P. Economic distress and
families: policy issues. Voydanoff, P. Work and family: Changing
roles of men and women. |
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December:
homelessness at highest level since depression. Supports for federal
low income housing cut. |
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Labor
force participation rate married women with children under 18 years
= 60.8%. Labor force participation of married women with children
under 6 = 53.4% |
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5/13/85
Bill to ensure economic equity for American women by providing retirement
security for women as workers and as divorced or surviving spouse;
making quality dependent care available to all working families, ending
discrimination in insurance … providing equal employment opportunity
and pay equity for women; and treating women and low-income families
more equitably… No floor action taken. |
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6/25/85
Bill to improve and expand child care services and early childhood
education services. No floor action taken. |
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1st
Working Mother Magazine "Best Companies for Mothers"
award. |
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First
conference of the Employer-Supported Childcare Network. Becomes an
annual event. |
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Barnett,
R., & Baruch, G. Women’s involvement in multiple roles and
psychological distress. Baruch, G., Barnett, R., & Rivers, C. Lifeprints:
New patterns of love and work for today’s women. Christensen,
K. Women and home-based work. Ehrenreich, B. Toward economic
justice for women: A national agenda for change. Elder, G. Life
course dynamics: trajectories and transitions, 1968-1980. Esterbrooks,
& Goldberg, W. Effects of early maternal employment on toddlers,
mothers, and fathers. Friedman, D. Corporate financial assistance
for child care. Gerson, K. Explaining the symptomology of separated
and divorced women and men: The role of material resources and social networks.
Gerson, K. Hard choices: How women decide about work, career,
and motherhood. Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. Sources of conflict
between work and family roles. Gupta, N., & Jenkins, D. Dual-career
couples; Stress, stressors, strains, and strategies. Gutek, B. Sex
and workplace. Hanson, S., & Johnston, I. Gender differences
in worktrip length: Explanations and implications. Hartmann, H. (Ed.)
Comparable worth: New directions for research. Herold, J., &
Waldron, I. Part-time employment and women’s health. Jackson,
S., Zedeck, S., & Summers, E. Family life disruptions: Effects of
job-induced structural and emotional interface. Juster, T., & Stafford,
F. Time, Goods, and Well-Being. Kelly, R., & Voydanoff, P.
Work/famliy role strain among employed parents. Pleck, J. Working
wives, working husbands. Pleck, J., & Staines, G. Work schedules
and family life in two-earner couples. Robinson, J. Changes in time
use: An historical overview. Robinson, J. The validity and reliability
of diaries versus alternative time use measures. Roos, P. Gender
and work: A comparative analysis of industrial societies. Rossi,
A. Gender and the life course. Spanier, G., Roos, P., &
Shockey, J. Marital trajectories of American women: Variations in the
life course. Waite, L., & Berrryman, S. Women in non-traditional
occupations: Choice and turnover. Waite, L., Haggstrom, G., &
Kanouse, D. Changes in the employment activities of new parents. |
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Macro-economic
& Legislative Data |
WF
Events & Experiences |
WF
Publications |
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1/28
Challenger space shuttle explodes shortly after take off. |
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3/4/86
Bill to entitle employees to parental leave in cases involving the
birth, adoption, or serious health condition of a son or daughter
and temporary medical leave in cases involving inability to work because
of serious health condition, and to establish a commission to study
ways of providing salary replacement for employees who take such leave.
8/8/86 reported to House from Committee on Education and Labor with
amendment, H. Rept. 99-699 (Part II) |
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BNA
convenes panel which published the book, Work & family: a changing
dynamic |
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K. Christensen
findings about women and home-based work presented to the NY City
Commission on the Status of Women. |
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Catalyst
confers first award to companies for innovative programs to attract
and retain women. Becomes an annual event. |
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Meeting
of the National Academy of Sciences: National Research Council Committee
on Women’s Employment and Social Issues Panel which results in
publication Work and Family Policy. |
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Testimony
on "Pros and cons of clerical homework" presented by Kathleen
Christensen to Subcommittee on Employment and Housing, House of Representatives. |
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Baruch,
G., & Barnett, R. Consequences of fathers’ participation in
family work: Parents’ role strain and well-being. Bergman, B.
The economic emergence of women. Bianchi, S., & Spain, D.
American women in transition. Blau, D. Fertility, child nutrition
and child mortality in developing countries: An economic analysis of interrelationships.
Blau, F., & Ferber, M. The economics of women, men and work.
Bureau of National Affairs. Work and family: A changing dynamic.
Christensen, K. Women and home-based work: The unspoken contract.
Coontz, S., & Henderson, P. (Ed.) Women's work, men's property:
The origins of gender and class. Fernandez, J. Child care
and corporate productivity. Fuchs, V. Sex differences. Goldscheider,
F., & Waite, L. Effects of childhood family structure on the
transition to marriage. Hewlett, S. A lesser life: The myth
of women's liberation in America. Hewitt, S., Ilchman, A., &
Sweeney, J. (Eds.) Family and work: Bridging the gap. Hoffman,
L. Work, family, and the child. Hutchens, R. Delayed payment
contracts and a firm's propensity to hire older workers. Pleck, J.
Employment and fatherhood: Issues and innovative policies. Rapoport,
R. Petrowski, R., & Rapoport, R. Families & work: An evolving
field. Staines, G., & Pleck, J. Work schedule flexibility and
family life. Waite, L., & Berryman, S. Job stability among
young women: A comparison of traditional and nontraditional occupations. |
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1/6/87
Bill to entitle employees to family leave… No floor action taken.
Re-introduced 2/3/87. Reported to House from the Committee on Education
and Labor with amendment, H. Rept. 100-511 (Part II) |
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2/4/87
A bill to improve and expand child care services and earl childhood
education services. No floor action taken. |
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4/9/87
Bill to authorize payments to States to be used for grants to provide
support for family day care providers. No floor action taken. |
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5/21/87
Bill to provide Federal assistance for day care. No floor action taken. |
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The
National Labor Market Information Conference, sponsored by the BLS/DOL.
Issues of the contingent workforce discussed. |
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Catalyst
gives awards to Connecticut Consortium for Child Care, The Equitable
Financial Companies, IBM Corporation, and Mobil Corporation. |
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Meeting
the Challenges of an Aging Workforce Conference at Wingspread, sponsored
by The Conference Board, the Johnson Foundation, and the Charles Stewart
Mott Foundation. |
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Presentation
to the Annual Conference of the Association of American Geographers
on "Clerical Homework: Convergence of Work and Family in One
Place," by K. Christensen. |
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Study
on child care and productivity (E. Galinksky & D. Hughes) featured
as cover story by Fortune Magazine. |
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Rhona
Rapoport presents "Restructuring Work & Family" at the
Elina Throsrud Memorial Symposium at the Work Research Institute,
Osl0. |
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Appelbaum,
E. Restructuring work: Temporary, part-time, and at-home employment.
Barnett, R. Multiple roles, gender, and psychological distress. Barnett,
R., & Baruch, G. Determinants of fathers’ participation in
family work. Barnett, R., & Baruch, G. Social roles, gender,
and psychological distress. Baruch, G., Biener, L., & Barnett, R.
Women and gender in research on work and family stress. Bernard, J.
The female world from a global perspective. Burden, D., &
Googins, B. Balancing job and homelife study. Christensen,
K. A hard day’s work in the electronic cottage. Christensen,
K. Impacts of computer-mediated home-based work on women and their families.
Christensen, K. Women and contingent work. Christensen, K.
Women, families and home-based employment. Deere, C., & Leon, M.
(Eds.) Rural women and state policy: Feminist perspectives on Latin
American agricultural development. Edgar, D. The family in between:
The hidden factor in employer/employee relationships. Frone, M., &
Rice, R. Work-family conflict: The effect of job and family involvement.
Galinsky, E., & Hughes, D. Fortune magazine child care study.
Gerson, K. Commuter marriage. Gerson, K. How women choose
between employment and family: A developmental perspective. Gerstel,
N., & Gross, H. (Eds.) Families and work. Greenhaus, J.,
& Parasuraman, S. A work-nonwork interactive perspective of stress
and its consequences. Gutek, B., & Larwood, L. Women's career
development. Johnston, W. Workforce 2000: Work and workers
for the 21st century. Kahn, A., & Kamerman, S. Child care:
facing the hard choices. Kamerman, S. & Kahn, A. The responsive
workplace: Employers and a changing labor force. Milkman, R.
Gender at work: The dynamics of job segregation by sex during World War
II. National Council of Jewish Women, & Bond, J. T. Accommodating
pregnancy in the workplace. Repetti, R. Linkages between work
and family roles. Robinson, J. Time diary evidence about the social
psychology of daily life. Voydanoff, P. Work and family life. |
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Macro-economic
& Legislative Data |
WF
Events & Experiences |
WF
Publications |
|
|
|
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The
National Research Symposium on Workplace Research and the Family at
Arden House, sponsored by The Conference Board, AT&T, Exxon Corporation,
Dupont, and IBM. |
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The
Conference Board’s National Conference on Women in the Corporation:
The Value Added. |
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4th
Annual Conference of the Employer-Supported Childcare Network and
the Mass. Executive Office of Economic Affairs, “Childcare in
the 90s: Building Partnerships” |
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K. Christensen
is witness on "Causes and Consequences of Contingent Work for
Women" before Subcommittee on Employment and Housing, House of
Representatives. |
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Catalyst
gives awards to Avon Products, Inc., Corning Glass Works, E.I. du
Pont de Nemours & Company |
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Appelbaum,
E. The computer rationalization of work: Implications for women workers.
Appelbaum, E. Union responses to contingent work: Are win-win outcomes
possible? Blau, D., & Robins, P. Child care costs and family
labor supply. Christensen, K. Women, and home-based work: The
unspoken contract. Christensen, K. (Ed.) The new era of home-based
work: Directions and policy. Christensen, K. Telecommuting: Managing
a long-distance workforce. Christensen, K., & Murphree, M. (Eds.).
Flexible workstyles: A look at contingent labor. Coontz, S.
The social origins of private life: A history of American families.
Edgar, D. Corporate responses to workers with family responsibilities.
Galinsky, E. Child care and productivity. Galinsky, E.
The impact of supervisors' attitudes and company culture on work/family
adjustment. Gerson, K. Briefcase, baby or both? Gerson, K.
Reluctant mothers: Employed women in late 20th century America. Gottfried,
A., & Gottfried, A. (Eds.) Maternal employment and children's
development: Longitudinal research. Hanson, S., & Pratt, G. Reconceptualizing
the links between home and work in urban geography. Hanson, S., &
Pratt, G. Spatial dimensions of the gender division of labor in a local
labor market. Hootsmans, H. Partners and organizations: A preliminary
study of work and family policy and practice. Hughes, D., & Galinsky,
E. Balancing work and family lives: Research and corporate applications.
Hutchens, R. Hiring the older workers: Do job opportunities decline
with age? Johansen, A., Leibowitz, A., & Waite, L. Child care
and children's illness. Kamerman, S. Mothers alone: strategies
for a time of change. Leibowitz, A., Waite, L., & Witsberger,
C. Child care for preschoolers: Differences by age. Leibowitz,
A., & Waite, L. The consequences for women of the availability and
affordability of child care. Neal, M., Chapman, & Ingersoll-Dayton,
B. Eldercare, employees, and the workplace. Nock, S., & Kingston,
P. Time with children. The impact of couples’ work-time commitments.
Pleck, J. Fathers and infant care leave. Pratt, G., & Hanson,
S. Gender, class, and space. Robinson, J. Historical changes
in the household division of labor. Robinson, J. Who's doing the
housework? Voydanoff, P. Work role characteristics, family structure
demands, and work/family conflicts. Zedeck, S., Maslach, C., Mosier,
K., & Skitka, L. Affective response to work and quality of family
life: Employee and spouse perspectives. |
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11/9
end of travel restrictions between East and West Berlin. Berlin Wall
de-constructed, signaling the end of the Cold War. |
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A bill
to amend the Fair Labor standards Act of 1938 to restore minimum wage
to a fair and equitable rate, and for other purposes. Vetoed by President;
failure to override by House. |
|
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First
Conference of the Women’s Policy Research Conference, sponsored
by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Becomes an annual
conference. |
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Families
& Work Institute founded in New York, with E. Galinsky and D.
Friedman as Co-Presidents. |
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NY Human
Resource Planners Conference, “New Ways of Working: The Changing
Nature of the Employer/Employee Contract.” Keynote by K. Christensen. |
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US DOL
and Health and Human Services Conference: Ninth Annual Yankee Swap,
The New England Labor Shortage: A Public-Private Challenges for the
‘90s. |
|
The
Governor’s Conference on Telecommuting in Seattle Washington
in 1989. |
|
Catalyst
gives awards to Fannie May, IBM Corporation, and US West, Inc. |
|
Appelbaum,
E. The growth in the U.S. contingent labor force. Betzig, L.
Causes of conjugal dissolution. Bielby, W., & Bielby, D. Family
ties: Balancing commitments to work and family in dual earner households.
Blau, D., & Robins, P. Fertility, employment, and child care
costs. Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R., & Wethington, E.
The contagion of stress across multiple roles. Bronfenbrenner, U. Ecological
systems theory. Christensen, K. Flexible staffing and scheduling
in U.S. corporations. Research Bulletin No. 240. Christensen, K.
Home-based clerical work: No simple truth, no simple reality. Galinsky,
E. The implementation of flexible time and leave policies: Observations
from European employers. Gerson, K., & Gross, H. Women and
the American family: Continuity and change. Greenberger, E., & Goldberg,
W. Work, parenting, and the socialization of children. Goldberg,
W., Greenberger, E., Koch-Jones, J., O'Neil, R., & Hamil, S. Attractiveness
of child care and related employer-supported benefits and policies to married
and single parents. Greenberger, E., Goldberg, W. Hamill, S., O'Neill,
R., & Payne, C. Contribution of a supportive work environment to
parents' well-being and orientation to work. Gross, H., & Gerstel,
N. Women and the American family: Continuity and change. Hartmann,
H., & Spalter-Roth, R. Family and medical leave: Who pays for
the lack of it? Hochschild, A. The second shift. Hunnicutt,
B. Work without end. Hutchens, R., Jakubson, & Schwartz.
AFDC and the formation of subfamilies. Jacobs, J. Revolving
doors: Sex segregation and women's careers. Juster, T., & Stafford,
F. Time, goods, and well-being. Moen, P. Working parents:
Transformation in gender roles and public policies in Sweden. Repetti,
R. Effects of daily workload on subsequent behavior during marital interaction:
The roles of social withdrawal and spouse support. Repetti, R. Effects
of paid employment on women's mental and physical health. Rhode, D.
Justice and gender: Sex discrimination and the law. Robinson,
J. Caring for kids. Robinson, J. The rhythm of everyday life:
How Soviet and American citizens use time. Rodgers, F., & Rodgers,
C. Business and the facts of family life. Russell, G. Work/family
patterns and couple relationships in shared caregiving families. Wagner,
D., Creedon, M. Sasala, J., & Neal, M. Employees and eldercare:
Designing effective responses for the workplace. Schwartz, F.
Management women and the new facts of life. Wethington, E., & Kessler,
R. Employment, parental responsibility, and psychological distress:
A longitudinal study of married women. Williams, C. Gender differences
at work: Women and men in nontraditional occupations. |
