Archive for November, 2008

10,000+ Articles in the Literature Database

Judi Casey November 28th, 2008

There are now over ten thousand articles in the Literature Database. Yes, that’s right. Ten thousand! In a typical month, we add over one hundred work-family related articles to this database. We continue to hear that the multi-disciplinary focus makes it particularly useful. Entries reflect peer-reviewed journal articles, books and reports from the fields of economics, anthropology, psychology, sociology, management, organizational studies, labor, personnel, occupational health, gender studies, marriage and family, social science, aging, stress, child development, social work and demography. Each year, there are increasingly more articles written, so there are more articles to choose from and include for your review.

Did you know that you can search the Literature Database by topic? By specific dates? For more information, see our search tips for the Literature Database.

Please remember that when you search the Literature Database, you are not searching the Sloan Network website, which now uses a Google search feature. To learn more, check out the Network website search tips.

Work Family Flow

Featured Guest Blogger November 25th, 2008

Jodie Benveniste is the director and founder of Parent Wellbeing—-an organization dedicated to helping parents improve their quality of life. An author, parenting expert and mother of two children, Jodie has a background in psychology, human resources and academic research. Parent Wellbeing has pioneered a unique approach to work family issues, Work Family Flow, which helps organizations attract, retain and engage top talent. Work Family Flow corporate workshops and consulting help parents make the most of their work and family lives so they care better for their children and are more effective, productive employees. Please note that the views of our guest bloggers do not necessarily reflect the views of the Sloan Work and Family Research Network.

We know from extensive research that the vast majority of working parents struggle to combine work and family. They report feeling guilty, rushed for time, and overloaded (1). For organizations, these difficulties contribute to job dissatisfaction, low organizational commitment, high intent to turnover and increased absenteeism (2).

For over a decade, we’ve been talking about ‘work family balance’ as the way for working parents to better manage their work and family responsibilities. But the limitations of ‘work family balance,’ with its scarcity assumption, have been exposed by researchers and commentators, notably Ellen Galinsky in her groundbreaking book, Ask the Children (3). Hence, work family research has expanded its scope to consider ‘work family enrichment,’ where work and family build and benefit rather than simply clash and conflict.

Work family research and the experience of working parents suggests, therefore, that we need a new language to discuss the work and family combination. One that:

  • Understands the interrelationships and interconnections between work and family
  • Recognizes that work offers benefits to family life, and family life offers benefits to the workplace, and
  • Appreciates that ‘well’ parents are more productive and effective at work, and care better for their children.

That is why at Parent Wellbeing, we talk about Work Family Flow— a new understanding of work and family. Work Family Flow is not about ‘balancing’ work and family. It’s about optimizing work and family. It’s about helping people make the most of their work and family experience.

Work Family Flow begins with increased well-being, because we know from the empirical findings emerging from positive psychology that happy people are more effective and productive at work, and they develop better relationships with colleagues, partners and their children. By equipping working parents with empirically validated tools to increase their wellbeing, parents and children benefit, and organizations improve their bottom line.

For more information about Work Family Flow please visit http://www.parentwellbeing.com or download the Work Family Flow White Paper .

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1. Pocock, B., Skinner, N. & Williams, P. (2007). Work, life and time: The Australian work + life index. Centre for Work + Life, University of South Australia.
2. Duxbury, L. & Higgins, C. (2008). Work life balance in Australia in the new Millennium: Rhetoric versus reality. Beaton Consulting.
3. Galinsky, E. (1999). Ask the children: The breakthrough study that reveals how to succeed at work and parenting. New York: Harper Collins.

How Thankful We Are!

Featured Guest Blogger November 24th, 2008

The Sloan Network just discovered that we have over 7,000 visits to our web site per WEEK! Lately, our visits have increased, but this just put us into awe. We are SO very lucky to have grown as we have.

We thank our trusty users who have been there with us for years— you have provided us with invaluable feedback and guidance along the way.

We also thank our new users for stopping by, and we do hope you continue to visit.

As always, if there is anything we can do to make our site and our literature database more useful, please let us know!

What’s New

Karen Corday November 21st, 2008

Work and Family News Headlines:

  • Labor Department Finalizes New Family Leave Rules
    Jesse J. Holland reports for the Associated Press on “final revisions in the Family and Medical Leave Act, including new rules defining how families of wounded service members will be able to take unpaid leave to care for them.”
  • Generation Y Takes On Work-Life Balance
    Lee Faller, Maria Jones, and Christian Morgan report for LawJobs on the meaning of work-life balance to Generation Y lawyers.

See our site for more!

Work and Family News From Around the Globe:

See our site for more!

Work-Life Flexibility and the Recession: Core Business Strategy, Not an Unaffordable “Perk”

Featured Guest Blogger November 19th, 2008

Cali Williams Yost is the CEO and founder of Work + Life Fit, Inc., a consulting firm that brings together the best practices in work-life flexibility, change management and innovation to develop and implement breakthrough flexibility strategies tailored to the unique business goals and objectives of client organizations. She is also the author of the critically-acclaimed Work + Life: Finding the Fit That’s Right for You, the first guide to help individuals strategically manage their work-life fit in partnership with their employer, as well as an expert blogger for FastCompany. Please note that the views of our guest bloggers do not necessarily reflect the views of the Sloan Work and Family Research Network.

These are indeed interesting times. Should we even talk about work-life flexibility as we move into what looks like a deep and long recession? Is it relevant? Not only should we continue talking about work-life flexibility, but we must recognize that it’s more relevant today than it was even six months ago.

Flexibility in where, when and how work is done is a strategic lever that can help leaders and employees adapt in the face of change. It also achieves a broad-range of bottom line impacts that are critical not only to surviving but thriving during the current economic downturn, and beyond.

Unfortunately, the response I’m hearing from leaders in this environment is not that work-life flexibility is a powerful strategy in their tool kit to address business challenges. Most see it as a “perk” or nice thing to do in good times, but something they perhaps can no longer afford.

This “informal perk” mindset is not surprising given our findings in the CFO Perceptions of Work Life Flexibility study, a survey that Work + Life Fit, Inc. recently co-sponsored with BDO Seidman, a national professional services firm. This survey of a random sample of the country’s top 100 CFOs tested their perceptions of work-life flexibility. Good news: a majority of CFOs recognized a broad range of potential bottom line impacts that flexibility could achieve, including recruitment and retention; improved employee productivity; differentiation from competitors; minimizing environmental impact and reducing health care cost.

The bad news is that only 13 out of the 100 had a formal approach to flexibility in place and had a senior leadership team that perceived it to be a strategy for managing work, resources and talent. In other words, only 13% of the CFOs worked for organizations with the leadership understanding and organizational infrastructure to translate that awareness into action for bottom line results. The remaining 87 CFOs, or 87%, had no formal approach to flexibility in place and/or had a leadership team that saw flexibility as an informal “perk.” Not a powerful recipe for seeing and executing flexibility as a strategic lever.

While this “it’s a perk we can’t afford right now,” reaction isn’t surprising, it’s the wrong response to flexibility at the wrong time. Again, the business challenges presented by the recession provide an important opportunity to, once and for all, position or rebrand work-life flexibility for what it is…it’s not a benefit, program or perk. It’s a core business strategy with broad applications and impacts. How do we take advantage of this moment in time? Raise awareness.

Flexibly rethinking the way work is done, how life is managed, and business is run addresses many challenges facing organizations in a world where rapid change is the only constant. The innovative use of telecommuting, flexible scheduling, reduced hours, compressed workweeks, and contract workers is an effective way to achieve diverse business outcomes, some of which are shown in the graphic below:

Numerous examples of work life flexibility as a strategic lever can be found in the 2008 Guide to Bold New Ideas for Making Work Work published by Families and Work Institute. The guide summarizes how the national When Work Works award winners, both big and small, apply flexibility for results:

  • Improving Customer Service: 1-800-Contacts has installed a telephone switching system that allows customer service reps can handle orders from home as needed.
  • Providing Non-monetary Rewards – Because of strict government salary guidelines, the Colorado Workforce Center offers flexibility to reward, attract talent.
  • Working better/smarter – After implementing an organization-wide flexibility strategy, Capital One reduced by almost one-third the amount of time it takes to get information to peers, and cut by almost one-quarter the time it takes to get information to managers.

Other corporate examples include:

  • Reducing Real Estate Overhead— Chorus, a software provider to the health care industry, shut down all of its offices and went virtual. The 35 employees and all of the full-time consultants work from home and the company saves an estimated $400,000 per year by getting rid of 15,000 square feet of office space.
  • Creative Downsizing, Beyond Traditional Layoffs—Sigma Group, a full-service advertising agency is offering sabbaticals and reducing hours to avoid layoffs, and according the head of HR employees have been more than willing to have more personal time and a reduced salary if it means they have a job.

Many leaders and organizations believe that flexibility is an unaffordable “perk,” but the economic downturn offers a unique opportunity to change their minds. Work-life flexibility is much more than a “nice thing to do,” or the “right thing to do.” It’s a strategic lever that addresses a broad range of business challenges that are particularly relevant in the current environment. Today, it’s the recession. Two years from now, it will be something else. The most adaptable and flexible organizations and individuals will not only survive, but thrive. Let’s start now.

Can Flexibility Still Work in the Current Economy?

Featured Guest Blogger November 18th, 2008

By Jacquelyn James, Research Director, and Jennifer Fraone, Assistant Director, Marketing and NEWFA, Boston College Center for Work & Family. Please note that the views of our guest bloggers do not necessarily reflect the views of the Sloan Work and Family Research Network.

At the Boston College Center for Work & Family (CWF), we are increasingly faced with the question: How can organizations promote flexibility in the current economic turmoil?

With people worried about the value of their 401K’s and job security, will fewer people request flexible work arrangements (FWAs)? Will FWAs be a lower priority for employers? Or worse, will workplaces abandon FWAs as impractical in periods of economic stress? We may face an uphill climb in our efforts to implement new flexibility practices in this economy.

On the other hand, at CWF we work with companies who view flexible work arrangements not just as a “perk” or benefit for their employees, but as a strategic business imperative. Some organizations use flexibility as a way to cut costs (e.g., the state of Utah is experimenting with compressed work-weeks to decrease energy costs; Blue Cross Blue Shield of MA has an e-working program that reduces real estate costs; Chubb Insurance has seen decreases in costly overtime due to schedule flexibility). Some also see flexible work arrangements as a low cost way to increase productivity, and research supports this assumption. See, for example, Clifton & Shepard (2004), who demonstrate that more “family friendly” organizations have greater productivity.

Progressive organizations still see flexibility as a strategy to recruit and retain the best talent. While there might be fewer jobs and more applicants, this does not mean that it is easy or less costly to manage turnover. Many industries have trouble filling highly skilled positions, and when they are able to find the right person for the role, the availability of FWAs just might be a way to keep them from leaving for competing organizations.

We review examples of progressive organizations in Overcoming the Implementation Gap: How 20 Leading Companies are Making Flexibility Work. We believe that the availability of FWAs will continue as a strategic approach to engaging a productive, effective and loyal workforce as well as a way to decrease costs. Please contact us if you would be interested in learning more about our work: cwf@bc.edu.

Gesundheit-– Now Go Home!

Featured Guest Blogger November 17th, 2008

As the temperature drops here in New England, we can’t help but notice the trees looking bare, the holiday music in stores, Thanksgiving menus being prepared, and…the beginning of cold and flu season.  Tissues are abundant, flu shot stations have opened up, and people are sick and tired of being sick and tired.  To them I say, “Go home and push the fluids!” But others may say, “Get your work done, then rest up.”

Presenteeism refers to lost productivity that occurs when employees come to work but perform below par due to any kind of illness. Absenteeism has been examined for years, but the costs and benefits of presenteeism is a newer topic under investigation.

At first, it seems that this is a value-based judgment: pull yourself up by your bootstraps and tough it out, or, get well now and be more useful when you come back. However, upon second glance, one may see public health and business reasons for disallowing presenteeism in the workplace.

Here are some facts:

  • Nearly half of employers reported that presenteeism is a problem in their organization because employees who come to work sick are less productive and more likely to infect co-workers.
  • It costs less for employers to provide paid sick days than to absorb the costs associated with the decreased productivity of sick employees and the increased spread of illness that results when sick employees come to work.
  • Workers who take paid sick days recover faster and are less likely to infect their workplaces or the public, which may reduce health care expenditures.

Let’s not forget that this is a class issue. Low income workers often do not have the benefits to support them in staying home to recover from an illness; therefore they have no choice but to show up at work sick.

There are many articles and blogs on this issue, and policymakers also have an important role in helping businesses and employees with presenteeism.

What’s New

Karen Corday November 14th, 2008

New from the Network:

Work and Family News Headlines:

  • The Best Places to Raise Your Kids
    Business Week presents their second annual round-up of the best places in America to raise children. The list considers towns with at least 50,000 residents with a median family income of $40,000 to $100,000 and uses the following criteria: “school performance; number of schools; household expenditures; crime rates; air quality; job growth; family income; museums, parks, theaters, and other amenities; and diversity. We weighted school performance and safety most heavily, but also gave strong weight to amenities and affordability.”
  • Working Poor and Young Hit Hard in Downturn
    Erik Eckholm of the New York Times reports that the share of 16- to 19-year olds fell by 8 percent over the last year, “often causing hardship for poor families and causing youths to miss experience that, studies show, will gain them better jobs in the future.”

See our site for more!

Work and Family News from Around the Globe:

  • Working on a Well-Balanced Life
    Donatella Cavagnoli of Australia’s The Age discusses the need for formal work and family government policies.
  • What’s Worse Than the Mommy Wars?
    Sarah Hampson writes for the U.K.’s Globe and Mail about the ways in which spousal support after a divorce can hurt both men and women, particularly in terms of women’s careers.

See our site for more!

‘Tis a Gift to be Free

Julie Schwartz Weber November 12th, 2008

The time crunch— something most Americans experience on a regular basis— affects many aspects of American family life. Most recently, it has even led my spouse and me to rethink our gift giving policies to each other. Instead of finding and acquiring (e.g., buying) the “perfect” gifts for each other in line with one of our hobbies, interests, or passions, this year we are giving each other the gift of LEISURE TIME for self.

This shift in gift focus has grown out of an increased sense that our daily juggle, in which we voluntarily choose to care for our kids, our domestic sphere, and our jobs, is plain exhausting and leaves little room for leisure time for our individual selves. This sense of loss of time for self is reflected in a 2002 national survey, in which 55% of all employees noted that they did not have enough time for themselves. Working fathers reported spending only 1.3 hours a day and working mothers reported spending a mere .9 hours a day on themselves.

This lack of time for self makes sense when one considers:

1. 70% of all families with children are headed by two employed parents or by a single working parent;

2. The combined weekly hours of dual-earner couples with children has increased significantly over the past 25 years, from 81 to 91 hours;

3. Technology such as email, Blackberries, and computers enables us to work anytime and anywhere, and thus, for many, it is hard to be “off duty;”

4. The amount of time spent caring for and doing things with children on workdays has also increased over the past 25 years, from 5.2 hours a day in 1977 to 6.2 hours day in 2002.

So, for this holiday season ahead, especially in light of increased financial constraints, perhaps you want to join my husband and me and give gifts of leisure time to your partners and friends. Not only is it easy to give, but it is also inexpensive and greatly appreciated. It has become that “perfect” gift for adults in our home!

Family Friendly Jury Duty

Featured Guest Blogger November 11th, 2008

Thank you to Dakota Hankin, Sloan Network Graduate Research Assistant, for today’s guest blog entry.

While driving home from my internship, a fellow student told me that she had been summoned for jury duty. Initially excited for my friend, I did not even think about the repercussions on her personal life. She works part time, attends an internship for 16 hours each week, goes to school full time, and has a family. When and how could she possibly find the time to fulfill her civic obligations without causing a rift between family and work?

I came across several articles as well as a blog entry discussing work and family issues that arise while fulfilling our responsibility as citizens to provide our peers with access to a fair trial. How do we fulfill this responsibility while limiting the impact on our jobs, family obligations, and child and/or elder care responsibilities?

Each state has laws outlining the individual’s civic obligations and the special circumstance for which one might not qualify for service, such as Massachusetts Chapter 234A: Section 4: Disqualification from juror service. Most states do require that employers allow employees time off for jury duty. However, there is little emphasis on how one might fulfill their civic duty while also maintaining work and family obligations. While researching this issue, I did find a website focusing on jury duty legislation needed for breastfeeding mothers, families with special needs children, and stay at home parents. The Sloan Work and Family Network provides specific information on shift work and breastfeeding that are relevant to jury duty. You may also find information on state law and jury duty in our Bills and Statutes Database.

I am curious as to how others have dealt with jury duty and the road blocks they faced along the way. I myself have never been summoned. I hope that when I am, I have the time and flexibility to be fully present in the moment to fulfill my civic duty without worrying about life and work obligations.

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